| Category | EMNC | P14 | Investigating Tuned Magneto-Rheological Reservoirs, |
| Compression Systems, and S |
| Abstract | The prevention of concussion and sub concussive injury in helmeted |
| activities are of great military, commercial, legal, and medical interest. A |
| Summation of Tests for the Analysis of concussion Risk, is defined by |
| mapping actual on ice impact data to pendulum-modulated impact |
| conditions at different energy angles, locations, and accelerations. As |
| defined by Virginia Tech STAR equation ∑(L=1)^4 |
| ∑(θ=1)^3 [E(L,θ) x R(a,α)]. Linear(a) and |
| rotational(α) acceleration are the only potentially modifiable risks |
| in this equation. For this experiment, a four meter pendulum was closely |
| replicated so interventions can be mapped back to actual player |
| impact data. This year a multitude of protective systems were designed |
| to potentially improve helmet safety. Interventions for this year include a |
| threaded, compression spring design, and tuned magnetorheological |
| systems along with the following Shear Thickening Fluids interventions |
| (1) Calcium Carbonate/Water, (2) Fumed Silica/Polyethylene Glycol, (3) |
| Colloidal Silica/ Polyethylene Glycol, and (4) Polyethylene |
| Glycol(comparator). Helmet constructs were tested for their potential to |
| decrease mean peak linear and rotational acceleration. The internal or |
| external location of Shear Thickening Fluids were explored and |
| confirmed to be an important factor in mitigating mean peak |
| acceleration. When compared to the neat(control) helmets, |
| interventions engineered in this experiment including shear thickening |
| fluids, spring systems, and magnetorheological reservoir designs all |
| significantly out perform (p<.01) a neat helmet. These findings point to |
| a likelihood of a reduced concussion risk as a function of linear(a) and |
| rotational(α) head acceleration values, when using these |
| interventions. |
| Bibliography | (1) Agel, J., R. Dick, B. Nelson, S.W. Marshall, and T.P. Dompier. |
| Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate women’s ice hockey injuries: |
| national collegiate athletic association injury surveillance system, 2000- |
| 2001 through 2003-2004. Journal of Athletic Training. 42(2):249-254, |
| 2007. |
| |
| (2) Agel, J., T.P. Dompier, R. Dick, and S.W. Marshall. Descriptive |
| epidemiology of collegiate men’s ice hockey injuries: national collegiate |
| athletic association injury surveillance system, 1988-1989 through |
| 2003-2004. Journal of Athletic Training. 42(2):241-248, 2007. |
| |
| (3) Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Nonfatal traumatic |
| brain injuries related to sports and recreation activities among persons |
| aged (less than or = to) 19 years - United States, 2001-2009. M M W R |
| Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report. 60(39):1337-1342, 2011. |
|
| (4) Duma, S.M. "Hockey Helmet Ratings." Virginia Tech Helmet Ratings: |
| Hockey Helmets. http://www.beam.vt.edu/helmet/helmets_hockey.php, |
| 2016. |
|
| (5) Echlin, P.S., C.H. Tator, M.D. Cusimano, R.C. Cantu, J.E. Taunton, |
| R.E. Upshur, C.R. Hall, A.M. Johnson, L.A. Formel, and E.N. Skopelja. |
| A prospective study of physician-observed concussions during junior |